Damit vs. um … zu

B1 · Intermediate · Advanced Structures

The rule

damit when subjects differ; um … zu when the same.

How it works

Both damit and um … zu express purpose. Use um … zu when the subject is the same in both clauses: Ich lerne, um die Prüfung zu bestehen. Use damit with a full clause when the subjects differ: Ich erkläre es dir, damit du es verstehst. Damit sends the verb to the end, while um … zu uses an infinitive.

When to use it

Use damit for purpose when the subjects of the two clauses differ, and um … zu when the subject is the same.

Use cases

Examples

Common mistake

Using um … zu with different subjects: "Ich helfe dir, damit du es schaffst" is right.

Memory tip

Same subject: um … zu. Different subjects: damit + clause.

Read the wider picture in our guide: German Verbs and Word Order: Tenses, Modals and Sentence Structure.

Related grammar topics

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