Konjunktiv II in the past

B2 · Upper-Intermediate · Style & Precision

The rule

hätte/wäre + past participle.

How it works

The past Konjunktiv II is formed with hätte or wäre plus the past participle, and it expresses an unreal event in the past: Wenn ich Zeit gehabt hätte, wäre ich gekommen (If I had had time, I would have come). It is used for regrets, unrealised plans and hypothetical past events.

When to use it

Express unreal past events with hätte or wäre plus the past participle: "Ich hätte es gern gewusst".

Use cases

Examples

Common mistake

Using the indicative past in unreal conditions: "Wenn ich es gewusst hätte" is right.

Memory tip

Hätte/wäre + participle = would have.

Read the wider picture in our guide: German Verbs and Word Order: Tenses, Modals and Sentence Structure.

Related grammar topics

All grammar topics · B2 grammar