Cleft-like emphasis

C1 · Advanced · Mastery

The rule

Es ist … , der/die … used for focus.

How it works

A cleft sentence puts the emphasised element into a focus construction with es ist … der/die/das: Es ist der Chef, der entscheidet (It is the boss who decides). The gender of the relative pronoun follows the emphasised noun, and the emphasised element can also be a time or place. The construction is common in spoken German for contrast.

When to use it

Emphasise a part of the sentence with Es ist … der/die/das …, as in "Es ist der Chef, der entscheidet".

Use cases

Examples

Common mistake

Choosing the wrong article: it must match the emphasised noun.

Memory tip

Es ist … , der/die/das + relative clause to focus on one element.

Related grammar topics

All grammar topics · C1 grammar