Concessive clauses

B2 · Upper-Intermediate · Style & Precision

The rule

zwar … aber; obwohl; auch wenn.

How it works

Concessive clauses express a contrast or concession: zwar … aber (admittedly … but), obwohl (although), auch wenn (even if) and wenn auch (even though). Zwar is placed in the first part of the sentence, and aber follows. Obwohl and auch wenn send the verb to the end.

When to use it

Express contrast with zwar … aber, obwohl, auch wenn and wenn auch, which all say "although".

Use cases

Examples

Common mistake

Using aber after obwohl; zwar … aber is a separate pattern.

Memory tip

Zwar (admittedly) comes first, aber (but) follows: Er ist zwar alt, aber fit.

Read the wider picture in our guide: German Verbs and Word Order: Tenses, Modals and Sentence Structure.

Related grammar topics

All grammar topics · B2 grammar