Past participles with prefixes

A2 · Elementary · Cases & Verbs

The rule

Inseparable prefixes: no ge-. Separable: ge- goes between.

How it works

Inseparable prefixes (be-, ge-, emp-, ent-, er-, ver-, zer-) never take a second ge-: bekommen → bekommen, verstehen → verstanden. Separable prefixes (an-, auf-, aus-, mit-) go before ge-: aufgemacht, angekommen. Prefixes such as über-, unter- and wieder- can be either, depending on the verb.

When to use it

Form participles for verbs with prefixes: inseparable prefixes (be-, ver-, er-) take no ge-, separable ones (an-, auf-) put ge- in the middle.

Use cases

Examples

Common mistake

Adding ge- to inseparable verbs: "bekommen" is correct, "gebekommen" is not.

Memory tip

Be-, ge-, emp-, ent-, er-, ver-, zer- take no ge-. Separable prefixes such as auf- or an- go in front: aufgemacht.

Read the wider picture in our guide: German Verbs and Word Order: Tenses, Modals and Sentence Structure.

Related grammar topics

All grammar topics · A2 grammar