Two-way prepositions

A2 · Elementary · Cases & Verbs

The rule

an, auf, hinter, in, neben, über, unter, vor, zwischen: Wo? = dative, Wohin? = accusative.

How it works

The prepositions an, auf, hinter, in, neben, über, unter, vor and zwischen take the dative when they describe a fixed location (Wo?) and the accusative when they describe movement toward a place (Wohin?). Learn them in pairs: Das Bild hängt an der Wand (dative) but Ich hänge das Bild an die Wand (accusative).

When to use it

Use an, auf, hinter, in, neben, über, unter, vor and zwischen with the dative for location (Wo?) and the accusative for movement (Wohin?).

Use cases

Examples

Common mistake

Using the accusative for location, for example "Das Buch liegt auf den Tisch" instead of "auf dem Tisch".

Memory tip

Ask "Wo?" (where? → dative, no movement) or "Wohin?" (where to? → accusative, movement).

Read the wider picture in our guide: German Cases Explained: Nominative, Accusative, Dative and Genitive.

Related grammar topics

All grammar topics · A2 grammar