Perfect tense with sein

A2 · Elementary · Cases & Verbs

The rule

Verbs of motion/state change use sein.

How it works

Verbs that describe movement from one place to another (gehen, fahren, fliegen), a change of state (aufwachen, einschlafen, werden) or the verbs sein and bleiben use sein as their auxiliary in the perfect. The participle still goes at the end: Ich bin nach Hause gegangen. Learning these verbs in groups makes the choice of auxiliary much easier.

When to use it

Use sein with the past participle for verbs of motion (gehen, fahren) and change of state (werden, sterben).

Use cases

Examples

Common mistake

Using haben with gehen or fahren, which is a very common error: "Ich bin gegangen", not "Ich habe gegangen".

Memory tip

Verbs of going, change, and sein/bleiben take sein. Learn them as a group.

Read the wider picture in our guide: German Verbs and Word Order: Tenses, Modals and Sentence Structure.

Related grammar topics

All grammar topics · A2 grammar