Word formation: suffixes -ung, -heit, -keit

B2 · Upper-Intermediate · Style & Precision

The rule

Create feminine nouns from verbs and adjectives.

How it works

The suffixes -ung, -heit and -keit form feminine nouns. -ung is added to verbs (lösen → die Lösung), -heit and -keit to adjectives (schön → die Schönheit, möglich → die Möglichkeit). All nouns ending in these suffixes are feminine, which is a useful rule for choosing articles.

When to use it

Form nouns with -ung, -heit and -keit, which are feminine and very common in written German.

Use cases

Examples

Common mistake

Giving these nouns the wrong gender: they are always die.

Memory tip

Verb + ung = die Lösung; adjective + heit/keit = die Freiheit, die Schönheit.

Related grammar topics

All grammar topics · B2 grammar